Breaking Traditions:
A Veterinary Medical and Ethical Perspective
on the Modern Day Usage of Steel Horseshoes
by Dr. Tomas G. Teskey, D.V.M.
Hereford, AZ, U.S.A.
tomasteskey@yahoo.com 520-366-0707
| A quote from Xenophon's
"The Art of Horsemanship"...written over twenty-three
centuries ago:
"The same care which is given to the horse's food and exercise, to make his body grow strong, should also be devoted to keeping his feet in condition." |
This is as applicable today as it
was thousands of years ago. Man has worked alongside the horse for ages. The
cycles of life continue on, and we are part of those cycles along with the
horses that accompany us.
Modern day horse owners are becoming more and more like horse
"stewards", caring for all of their horses' needs. We are obligated in
these duties, as we are the ones who have taken them from the landscape and
confined them. We are also taking a keen and more personal interest in their
feet--it is no longer just the farrier's responsibility. Listening to and depending on the veterinarians,
farriers, trainers or other horse professionals to tell you what is right and
healthy for your horses shows respect for these professionals, but it is
critical that you are at least able to recognize when a horse and their feet
look normal and when they look deformed. Whether you are able to trim your horses' feet or not, knowing what
they should look like is very important. Stewards are be able to have a detailed
and very intelligent conversation with any of these professionals if they are
aware of some of the basics surrounding natural hoof form and function.
You need to appreciate this fact: not every veterinarian, farrier and trainer
knows what a normal horse's foot looks like, nor do they all understand how they
function.
| "Do not believe in anything simply because you have heard it. Do not believe in anything simply because it is spoken and rumored by many. Do not believe in anything simply because it is found written in books. Do not believe in anything merely on the authority of your teachers and elders. Do not believe in traditions because they have been handed down for many generations. But after observation and analysis, when you find that anything agrees with reason and is conducive to the good and benefit of one and all, then accept it and live up to it" .......~Buddha |
What we do know is that when steel
contacts a horse's foot, damage occurs. Large numbers of essays, numerous
textbooks and an increasing number of dissertations have been written on the
subject, but what follows is a synopsis and my own interpretation of the harmful
actions that steel has on hooves:
The damage actually begins before a steel shoe even touches the horse's hoof. A
farrier's preparation of a hoof for the application of a steel shoe is extremely
damaging in itself. A horse's foot never evolved or was intended to be flat. The
natural, life-promoting, energetic shapes present in the natural hoof are
disrespected and disregarded when one prepares the hoof for application of
steel.
Nails driven through hoof wall allow all manner of bacteria, fungus and filth as
well as extremes of temperature, to enter the foot. The natural physical barrier
to these things is breached multiple times by the nails--these nails also
effectively provide for the structural breakdown of the hoof walls; their
physical presence leverages the hoof walls material away from deeper hoof structures. Often, when a steel shoe
is pulled off by a horse, the edges of the hoof wall often go with it. The
increased level of concussive damage to the shod foot is well documented, and
common sense tells us that steel next to a horse's skin would be damaging:
The horse's foot is designed to handle the vast majority of the concussive
forces received from the terrain. When steel is fixed to the hoof capsule, this
responsibility is passed off to joints, cartilages and ligaments higher in the
horse's leg and entire body. These joints and tissues never evolved to handle
these forces, but man has forced them to take up this role that they were never
designed to have. For the application of steel to the hoof, the result is
direct, measurable damage to these areas.
Let's also explore the increasing use of pads and other concussion-reducing
materials. It is of interest and critical to note that concussion is reduced to
a level below what is appropriate in horse's fitted with man made pads:
There is an important and misunderstood role that concussion plays when it comes
to proper and life-giving stimulation to the foot: The natural foot has the
exact concussion absorbing properties that are appropriate for that horse on his
home terrain. All of this marvelous ability is stolen away when man interferes
with the application of artificial materials. Reducing this concussion below
what is appropriate disallows the vital stimuli needed for the horse to produce
durable hoof tissues, healthy cartilage and ligaments and strong bones. The
horse is immediately set up and unwittingly asked to grow a weaker and weaker
feet and legs with the application of artificial materials. The even slight
increase of pressure on the soles of the horse through pad material is
inappropriate and also damaging, as sole pressure smashes the sole up against
the solar corium, reducing blood flow in these areas. The sole can respond with
what can be termed a "dysplastic" kind of growth: this is an abnormal
growth development which can be thicker in the short term, but is never as
strong or durable as sole growth that forms when a horse is allowed to have
their normal feet along with normal environment and care. Farriers misinterpret
this faulty growth as "healing" when in fact it signals the early
stages of hoof deterioration. This does not impress or alarm many farriers in
the least, as they get very accustomed to looking at abnormal and deformed shod
feet...they work with them every day...They are also accustomed to looking at
abnormal bare feet when they are ignorant of proper trimming practices. Pads
also increase the presence of moisture next to the horse's soles which is a good
breeding ground for further hoof-rotting bacteria and fungi, which soften the
soles in to a cheesy consistency, devoid of any durability. Pads also prevent
the normal respiration and perspiration that occurs in the frogs and soles. The
reduced circulation to the entire foot and leg and body of the horse through the
application of such appliances can only serve to provide harm to the entire
horse's body in the long run. All of these damaging things done to the feet add
up over time, forcing unneeded healing to occur, removing life from the whole of
the animal. Not just the feet are taxed, but the organs and all metabolic
processes. These damaged tissues and their cells are only able to heal so many
times, divide so many times and put up with insults so many times. Growth
patterns become deformed extremely quickly in shod feet. All animals die when
cells and the organs they make up are no longer able to divide and repair the
damage. We should be looking to cure such problems instead of covering them up
with pads and steel. This can be done quite easily and quickly when proper hoof
form is achieved (as discussed numerous places in published books and on the
internet) and proper lifestyle (also a subject which countless books now educate
us about). The strength and durability of the horses' feet will be optimal when
these natural means are provided, and they will far exceed such strength
achieved using steel and nails. Steel shoes provide for the horse a living state
of physiologic stagnation. Occasional and judicious use of hoof boots can be
used to provide comfort for these horses, but are all but forgotten by farriers
at times like these. Farriers feel they are doing their best when it comes to
the "quick fix" to such situations, but they are actually causing
further harm.
We know that the use of the steel shoe along with unsound horsemanship
practices, inadequate environments and poor diets drastically shorten the lives
of horses.
Farriery is hard work. I shod at least a few horses of my own every few weeks
during my younger years, so I can relate to the pain and strain that comes with
the tasks: the careful attention to detail, the ability to work well with your
hands, skill working around a naturally shy animal and a caring attitude. None
of these attributes are being brought in to question. But here is where the
proverbial "rubber meets the road": No matter how hard you work to
learn how to shoe a horse, no matter how hard that work is, no matter how
difficult it is to actually do the work...all of these things don't make shoeing
a horse the right thing to do. So, though I can relate to the farrier's
struggles, the blood and sweat and tears, the dedication to a trade and the
positive work ethic, these things simply don't make nailing iron to a horse's
foot any more correct. When something is wrong, it's wrong. No matter how much
money we can make at it, no matter how much of a tradition it is, no matter how
long it took us to learn it, no matter how much money we spent learning how to
do it...none of these things will ever make a wrong thing right. Steel hurts
horse's feet, period. We have so many better options now. More and more farriers
are coming to understand this and are encouraging people to get their horses
barefoot every chance they get. Still, many people are uneducated and just go
along with the conventional misconception that horses need steel nailed to their
feet in order to perform any sort of tasks beyond simply walking down a trail.
They depend on farriers to tell them "What's Up?" Well, "What's
Up" is that we now know that steel damages horses' feet: every time, all of
the time, one-hundred percent of the time, every minute that steel contacts a
horse's foot, damage is being done. So this is a "Wake Up Call" to all
that go out of their way to learn what's "new" when it comes to the
truthful base of horse-keeping knowledge.
Farriers and veterinarians and trainers and horse people everywhere must learn
the truth and tell their clients, friends, contacts, and colleagues that the
steel shoe is badly damaging horses and robbing them of years of their lives. To
continue to knowingly and wantonly do damage to a horse's foot by nailing steel
to it is not acceptable and will become more and more unacceptable as this
knowledge becomes more "mainstream". If farriers in the months and
years to come pretend they are unaware of this knowledge and fail to inform
folks around you about this news, they should be held accountable for the damage
done to the horses. This does not have to happen. Simply learn what's going on
inside the horse's foot and learn how to recognize and achieve a proper hoof
form. Go further and educate people about proper horse management. Mention that
there is nothing good that can come to a horse from the use of a steel shoe,
only damage. Talk about the judicious use of hoof boots. Let people know how
dedicated you are to the welfare of the horse, and you will reap great rewards.
If you simply want the monetary rewards, you can have it, as there are good
people everywhere who are more than happy and willing to pay for proper trimming
and counseling about how to keep their horses healthy. However, the personal
rewards go much further than this for most caring people.
This is about the truth.
As a bit of a mental exercise and an analogy, I offer the following scenario:
I'd like to challenge anyone who doesn't believe that shoes harm a horse's feet
to this experiment: Let your horse that has been shod for between three and six
months grow it's feet on top of steel for as long as you want, pull off the
shoes, leave it exactly the way it is or roll the edges or even trim it ANY way
you like. Then, we see how the difference in wear looks in this horse versus my
barefoot horse...we'll just take some leisurely 15 mile rides once a day for
three weeks on some easy trails...nice and easy. Would you care to hypothesize
which feet are going to look of the same length and structure after this three
weeks and ready to go for another three weeks? Your previously shod horse will
be in a world of hurt. Why is it the de-shod horse is unable to walk and go to
work with his own feet? Well, his or her feet that grew while on top of steel
are of much poorer quality, density and durability...they will chip and break
away (probably clear up to or above the nail holes given the damage in the area,
and the horse may even become laminitic due to overloading it's toes due to it's
unfamiliarity with heel mechanism and previously 'undetectable'
separation...along with all the bruising due to poor sole integrity...on and on.
I'm not sure I could actually allow the following experiment to take place!
A veterinarian such as myself easily understands how the presence of a steel
appliance on the bottom of a horse brings harm, and as other veterinarians,
other equine professionals and stewards come to discover the true workings of
the horses' hooves, they will not stand idly by while others perpetrate such
harm. Once good folks like your veterinarian, farrier and trainer begin to
better understand how the horse and their feet are constructed, function, grow,
offer protection and allow proper and vital sensation for the horse to interact
with their environment, they will have gained a very powerful new tool. However,
as long as they ignorantly resort to or demand the use of a nailed on appliance
and a confined lifestyle, they unknowingly, but precisely, provide for the
premature deaths of the horses they care about.
|
Veterinarian's Oath (American Oath--Adopted by the American Veterinary Medical Association House of Delegates in July 1969): "Being admitted to the profession of veterinary medicine, I solemnly swear to use my scientific knowledge and skills for the benefit of society through the protection of animal health, the relief of animal suffering, the conservation of livestock resources, the promotion of public health, and the advancement of medical knowledge. I will practice my profession conscientiously, with dignity, and in keeping with the principles of veterinary medical ethics. I accept as a lifelong obligation the continual improvement of my professional knowledge and competence." |
A word (or two) about integrity and strength of conviction:
To begin, this is just "facts of life" kind of stuff. It's also a fact
that you can count on that I will not ever ask you to consider shoeing your
horse with steel. I have my strength in my belief about this and it is
unwavering. If I began to cheat and occasionally say to someone that "well,
this time I guess...OK, go ahead and nail shoes on"...or "gee, I guess
that horse can't do it..." These sorts of things compromise my sense of
strength and integrity--a very keen sense of integrity. I do not sit on the
fence or beat around the bush on this issue. Steel causes a horse harm, and I
simply can't abide that. I have read and understood the Veterinary Oath and I
also have a keen sense of integrity. Certain folks can advocate both shoeing and
going barefoot...I can not. This does not mean that you have to be as steadfast
as I concerning the use of steel shoes. You are free to make your decisions
based on the best information you can gather.
In addition, many folks aren't eager or accustomed to giving the world their
views about what they've learned to be true, let alone giving them in a way that
shows outright strength and conviction. So it's no wonder that many of those
folks also find it distasteful or rude or egotistical when someone else voices
such strong opinions. Perhaps they surmise we ought "to all just try and get along", or
"it's a big tent...room for everybody", or "we'll just agree to
disagree". Once in awhile, you're bound to run across somebody with
strength in conviction and rock-solid integrity that stands tall next to a
belief system based on sound convictions, because those beliefs are what keeps
them strong. Though generally unpopular, disliked and strongly ridiculed, a
person who holds strong to what is right and calls attention to those that are
wavering or those that are misunderstanding the information is more and more a
rarity in our world. I am keenly aware of how it can appear as if I "know
it all", or seem like "it's my way or no way", but of course
that's not true. Such illusions are understandably fabricated by those who would
label and convict someone who takes a stand against something so near and dear
to them. This is "normal" human stuff. The things they've spent their
entire lives working on are being called in to question, therefore I expect no
less than the strong ridicule from these fellas to begin with. I am encouraging
them, often forcing them, to examine themselves and their beliefs, and it's
quite the painful process. I'm really quite good at the exercise, especially in
person. I've had friends and other fellas that have shod horses for decades
break down and sob over this stuff when it hits them. This is real and it is
powerful. One can begin to see the importance in my strength of conviction
concerning what we currently know as the facts in the case. It is not fine for
me to hurt a horse "once in awhile", or "just this time" or
to justify the act because "well, it sure would be convenient to nail shoes
on for just this Spring...". I realize there are many, many
uneducated/unaware people out there that don't want to worry about the extra
efforts it will take to allow a horse their normal feet, so I am worrying about
it for them, and trying very hard to show them, in as many different ways as I
can, why this is so important to the horses.
Truly, a "barefoot-friendly" veterinary perspective on these issues
can be difficult to find, but is so desperately needed. I'm learning as I go
along, and I am not immune to personal attacks. I pick up ideas on what is best
to say and how best to say it, and I'll get better and better at it as time goes
on. Learning how to better educate and more deeply influence those that have a
difficult time admitting and/or seeing what it is the horse needs from us as
their care givers is my goal. The feeling arguments from both sides are helpful
to me, and I trust will be helpful to others in the long run. Certain things are
said across the wires, but I very much doubt they would be said if we were
standing together next to the horses.
As of now, in a huge number of equine veterinary facilities the world over,
natural lifestyle and the natural barefoot trim are not even mentioned as
therapeutic options for lame horses. This is highly unacceptable and is a
disservice to the horses we love. It is an omission that serves the egos of
those who use horses as simple tools, rather than as the companion animals that
serve us so willingly. As this time goes by, veterinarians and other equine
professionals will have the opportunity to make the right decisions concerning
the use of the steel shoe. It is so obvious to some and yet there are those that
can't help but drive nails in to the hands of the horse, even after being told
that what they are doing is causing damage. Whether from ignorant stubbornness
or an addiction to working with steel or whatever the reasons, they will be held
accountable if it continues once this information becomes more widely known.
There will be more and more veterinarians picking up on this as the days go by,
and the horses of the world are going to be healthier and more sound than ever.
We will look at the horses in the future and see them as the magnificent
specimens of power that they are. Seeing one with steel plates nailed to it's
feet will draw criticism from those that respect and love the horse. We have
ways of protecting horses feet (if needed), and they don't involve steel.
We have to start paying attention to what we know: It is physiologically
impossible for a steel shoe to offer anything therapeutic or beneficial to a
horse. Our responsibilities and obligations to the horse and all our livestock
are huge, and it has come to this.
As a note to equine professionals everywhere, if you look at this information
and understand it, please digest it and begin to apply it to the horses around
you. Add this information in to your repertoire as authorities on the health of
horses. Folks around the world are grasping some very fundamental concepts of
horse care and the care of their feet. We must take a look at this information
for ourselves, evaluate it critically, apply our knowledge of anatomy and
physiology, and become an integral part of improving the health of the horse.
Truth and knowledge are destined to win out; no matter the intensity of the
wailing and weeping, no matter the fierceness of teeth gnashing, no matter how
simple or complex the concepts turn out to be, and also no matter how easy or
difficult it might seem to accomplish honest soundness.
Many of us dearly love our toys, gadgets and contraptions--they matter none to
the horse.
So, it does come down to whether certain people have the time and dedication to
achieve an honestly sound barefoot horse. If they don't have the time, they will
need to ask themselves whether it's fair to force the horses to stay with them.
Perhaps they will have to find some boots that will be comfortable for the
horses, or maybe it will be necessary to hire extra help to get the horses
moving...these sorts of things.
This is leading us toward a deeper respect for horses: using steel shoes will no
longer be justifiable. Steel "shoes" will no longer be seen as shoes,
because shoes can be taken on and off at will.
We have so much more better ways of TRULY protecting the feet than steel...it's
really hard for me to even fathom using a steel shoe at all, for we know, and
you freely admit their evil, that these devices are simply not offering anything
beneficial to a horse! We can not continue to apply them to horses and feel good
about it. To apply a shoe to a horse after becoming aware of what evil happens
to that horse is contemptible. That means that if you're doing something even
though you know it brings harm, that you are doing something worthy of scorn.
Doing it before knowing this stuff is forgivable...I have admitted freely that
only three years ago, I as a veterinarian was prescribing eggbar shoes, pads,
impression material and special shoes...but now I can't do that anymore. I have
changed. I remember many horses that have died at my hands because I didn't know
of anything that would save them...and now I see horses just like them and they
are better in a short time. This is life and death stuff, here, and that's why I
use terms like "terminal" and "life-threatening" when
talking about the effects of shoes and poor hoof form. Even if we didn't have
any alternatives to the steel shoe, it wouldn't be justified to shoe horses
given what we know about the effects...we are above that. Thankfully, we do have
many options for horses to truly protect their feet and get them healed and
stronger with every passing moment: the natural trim, based upon the
rediscovered and continually-improved understanding of the workings of the
equine foot, and a myriad of different boot designs, with more coming all the
time. We need to learn about using boots and work harder on developing more
user-friendly hoof boots. Boots allow a horse's feet to have vital mechanism
with every step, and can honestly and completely protect the feet, whereas the
appliances being touted as offering protection are actually causing damage.
The farriers are professionals in the equine world. The horses and their
stewards count on them. They are in the ideal position to learn about proper,
natural hoof form and function: They have the clientele with the horses, the
love for the horses and the tools and the knowledge of how they work. They only
need to study more carefully and apply more carefully the natural hoof trim and counsel people on how their
horses should be kept! It should be perfectly acceptable for them to counsel
people on getting horses out of stalls, feeding horses grass in their diet, and
getting the horses together in a herd where they can move each other around and
be psychologically healthy.
Hanging up the hammer for a farrier leads to championing a cause that is noble
and stands solidly footed around a body of knowledge gained through the careful
study of the nature of the horse.
| "All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident." ~ Arthur Schopenhauer |
Coming in to this knowledge of the horse's hoof is a powerful thing! I encourage
those who have gained this knowledge to use it with discretion. I encourage them
to speak with conviction, but maintain an open ear to those who have concerns.
Listen to others as they manifest their insecurities and ignorance concerning
the use of steel shoes. You will soon discover that all the answers you provide
for these concerns will flow directly out of addressing their concerns. When you
show how much you care as well as how much you know about the horses and their
feet, concerns turn to understanding, and understanding turns in to a changed
life. This is the hallmark of dealing with the truth. It is never too late to
start spreading the word. I know that fighting against the current and against
the mainstream is difficult, but once you begin to grasp this information, a
powerful energy will be yours to embrace: the power of the truth--the power to
heal--the power of the horse.
Very sincerely, and truthfully yours,
Tomas G. Teskey, D.V.M.
June, 2004
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